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drainage basin

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drainage basin (河流的)流域。

(河流的)流域。 “drainage“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.排水，放水；排水法；逐漸流出。 2.下水道；排 ...“basin“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.臉盆；水盆。 2.滿盆，(一)盆。 3.盆地， ...“aspect of drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   流域形態“basin of internal drainage“ 中文翻譯：   內流盆地“blind drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   內凌地“closed drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   閉合流域; 內凌地“drainage basin of groundwater“ 中文翻譯：   地下水流域“drainage basin watershed“ 中文翻譯：   流域分水嶺; 流域盆地分水嶺“drainage basin, see watershed“ 中文翻譯：   流域盆地，見流域“drainage river basin“ 中文翻譯：   河川硫“inland drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   內陸流域盆地“international drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   國際排水盆地“lake drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   湖泊流域“low lying drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   低平流域“major drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   大流域“outline of drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   流域輪廓邊界“small drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   小流域“subsurface drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   地下流域; 地下水流域“subterranean drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   地下排泄盆地“yield of drainage basin“ 中文翻譯：   流域產水量“drainage“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.排水，放水；排水法；逐漸流出。 2.下水道；排水設備，排水系統。 3.水系，排水區域，流域。 4.陰溝水，(排出的)污水。 5.【醫學】引流，導液(法)。 drainage work 排水工程。 drainage and irrigation equipments 排灌設備。 “for drainage“ 中文翻譯：   用于排放“a basin of“ 中文翻譯：   一臉盆; 一盆..“basin“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.臉盆；水盆。 2.滿盆，(一)盆。 3.盆地，流域。 4.水坑，地塘；(港灣)深度；內灣，小灣；【造船】船塢。 5.【地質學；地理學】盤層，煤田。 6.【解剖學】骨盆，骨盆腔。 basin irrigation 小塊灌溉。 the Thames basin 泰晤士河流域。 a basin of water 一盆水。 a river basin 流域。 a setting basin 澄水池。 n. -ful 一滿盆。 “inland drainage(interior drainage)“ 中文翻譯：   內陸水系

drainage system

Finishing quantitative remote sensing task on soil losses of 1998 and 1999 in study area . through running the pixel statistical program , we can obtain the results of soil erosion in the drainage basin - the total amount of soil losses of the experimental region were : 4 . 84 million tons in 1998 and 8 . 69 million tons in 1999 respectively . we also can obtain the results of control areas of soil losses in study area according to soil conservation intensity prediction model : the areas need to administrate was 317 . 77 km2 and in dire need of administration was 17 . 96 km2 in 1998 運行像元統計程序可獲得該流域土壤流失結果為： 1998年試驗區土壤流失總量為484 . 01萬噸， 1999年則為869 . 01萬噸；依防治強度預報模型可運算出研究區水土流失防治面積結果： 1998年需要治理的面積為317 . 77平方公里，急需治理的面積為17 . 96平方公里；而1999年需要和急需治理的水蝕面積上升為354 . 45平方公里和18 . 91平方公里。

In order to prevent the deterioration of ecological environment , countermeasures from the aspect of water resources exploitation and utilization were proposed as following : to reduce groundwater table for preventing and eliminating soil salinization ; to establish a powerful drainage basin management organization ; to establish water - saving society ; to carry on the additional investigation and water on environmental hydrogeology related to endemic disease 并從水資源開發利用角度提出了防治生態環境劣變的基本對策：降低地下水位，預防和消除土壤次生鹽漬化；建立有實權的流域水資源管理機構；開源節流，以節流為重，建立節水型社會；開展全疆補充性的地方病環境水文地質調查研究工作。

In part four , taking wuwei oasis as a case study , the author uses gis to get landscape map and data , and calculates pattern index by means of stat - analysis software . the results show that the unique water and soil conditions in shiyanghe river drainage basin determine that wuwei oasis is an optimal region for farming . wuwei has grown into a steady manmade oasis after an exploitation of more than two thousand years ; at the same time human exploitation range gradually expands outwards 利用gis軟件進行景觀制圖并獲取數據，并借助統計分析軟件進行了格局指標的計算，結果顯示：石羊河流域特有的水土條件決定了流域中部盆地的武威綠洲最適宜于農耕生產，經過兩干多年的開發過程，在這里逐漸形成了穩定的人工綠洲的同時，人類對該區域水土資源的開發利用不斷向外擴展。

This paper researches on the water and suspension in zhujiang ( pearl ) river and her three branches , sampling in makou hydrological gorge station of xijiang river , hekou hydrological gorge station of beijiang river and boluo hydrological gorge station of dongjiang river . the author calculated the riverine carbon flux and measured the content of different carbon forms and carbon isotope composition . furthermore , the author also studied drainage basin erosion and the influence of vegetation distribution on erosion 本文以珠江水體、懸浮物為研究對象，通過對西江馬口、北江河口、東江博羅斷面水體取樣，分析水體中不同形態碳含量，測定碳同位素值，并計算了河流碳通量值；還對珠江流域的侵蝕狀況及植被分布對流域侵蝕的影響進行了探討。

Because of modis predominant space and spectral differentiate rate , it ’ s has been broadly applied to various field , in the aspect of snow monitoring , modis has been successfully using a normalized difference snow index ( ndsi ) to provide global automated binary maps of snow cover . the ndsi is a spectral ratio that takes advantage of the spectral difference of snow in short - wave infrared and visible spectral bands , although it has higher precision , it can only discern one pixel to snow or other features , can not satisfy accurate drainage basin snow cover mapping and snow parameter extracting Modis數據因其優越的空間分辨率、波譜分辨率,已被廣泛的運用于各個領域,在積雪監測方面,已成功地運用歸一化差分雪蓋指數( ndsi )制作每天的全球雪蓋分布圖, ndsi是基于雪對可見光與近紅外波段的反射特性和反射差相對大小的一種測量方法,然而它只能將一個像元辨別為積雪或非積雪,滿足不了高精度應用要求。

In the face of the current serious position of international water resources utilization and conservation , this dissertation through which the author analyzes the unreasonable factors in the domestic water resources administrative system and refers to the instructive experiences on the , water resources administrative system of western countries , advances the argumentation of reforming the administrative system of the water resources in the cell of drainage basin . furthermore it also makes an original program for the frame of the water resources administrative organization with basin water resources administrative committee in the nucleus 面對當前國內外水資源保護和利用的嚴峻態勢，本文通過對我國水資源管理體制中不合理因素的分析，同時借鑒西方國家在水資源管理體制創建方面有益的經驗，提出了以流域管理為基礎，重塑我國水資源管理體制的觀點，并且進一步規劃出以流域水資源管理委員會為核心的全新的水資源管理機構體系框架。

The sluice is the important component of water conservancy . if the sluice goes wrong , it will do a lot of damage to the water conservancy and the whole drainage basin . at the same time , it is difficult to find out the source of the sluice ' s fault and to repair it because the sluice is very complex 船閘系統是水利工程的重要組成部分，它的安全運行至關重要，如果發生故障會對整個水利工程，甚至整個流域造成巨大的危害；并且船閘系統比較復雜，發生故障以后很難找出故障源，維修不方便，因此建立船閘故障診斷系統對船閘進行故障診斷具有十分重要的意義。

Therefor , in the light of theory and methods of karst hydrogeomorphology and the knowledge of transformation , balance and variation of matter and energy in karst drainage basin , we can examine stone forest within a specific scope of time and space , and reveal the mechanism and the development model of stone forest with the help of the principle of the mutual response processes among base - level , water flow and forms . just based on the understanding above , the paper , with a special reference to the lunan stone forest which is the best developed one in china , discusses the hydro - geomorphlogical structure of the bajiang river , geomorphological types and spacial distribution feature of the stone forest , and studies the erosion rate on the top of stone forest , soil erosion rate , sub - soil dissolution rate and their combined influences on the evolution of stone forest , furtherly brings forward and demostrates the “ tri - level erosion “ mechanism for the development of stone forest 正是基于這種認識，本文以我國石林發育最完美的路南石林為研究對象，研究了巴江喀斯特流域的水文地貌結構特征、石林的形態類型及其空間分布特征；探討了石柱頂部的剝蝕速率( a ) 、表土剝蝕速率( s ) 、土下溶蝕強度( c )及其組合對石林發育的影響，提出并論證了路南石林發育的“三重剝蝕”機制；通過對石林發育必備條件的剖析，以及對巴江喀斯特流域演變階段的定量研究、水文地貌系統的空間耦合分析，探討了巴江喀斯特流域的演變與路南石林發育間的關系，并結合該流域的演化史，提出了巴江喀斯特流域演變與路南石林發育的模式。

This paper firstly reviews two different kinds of terrestrial erosion ( the mechanical and chemical weathering mechanisms ) , discusses their respective roles in providing carbon to the river , and compares the differences between the monsoon and non - monsoon drainage basins in flux and the characteristic of the riverine carbon transport 首先就機械和化學風化兩種不同的陸地侵蝕機制在提供河流碳源方面所發揮的不同作用作了詳細論述，并比較了季風流域和非季風流域間河流碳輸移在通量及性質上的差異。

This dissertation not only discusses and demonstrates the necessary condition and the rationalization of constituting drainage basin water resources administrative system , but also enriches the connotation of the drainage basin water resources administrative system in the aspect of legal principal , legal institution and legal system , and deepens its essence . it provides a p rofitable prospect of complying with the international administrative tidal current and making the rectification of the system duly , so as to exploiting , utilizing and conserving the water resources more efficient for us 本文不僅從理論上論證了建立流域水資源管理體制的科學性和必要性；還進一步從法律原則、法律制度、法律體系等多個角度豐富了流域水資源管理體制的內涵，深化了其實質內容；為我國適應國際水資源管理的潮流，及時地作出體制調整，以便為更有效地開發利用和保護水資源規劃出有利的前景。

In the first place , the study processed data of remote sensing and non - remote sensing to be digital , vector , raster and imagery geocode , established geographic database of soil erosion , and calculated elements “ pixel maps of soil erosion . secondly , by using model builder of arcview to establish dynamic survey model of soil losses in longchuan river drainage basin . at last , to obtain maps of status & the forecast maps for soil conservation 首先通過遙感與非遙感資料的數字化、矢柵化及圖形圖像地理配準，建立了水土流失地理數據庫，并運算出水土流失各因子像元圖；在此基礎上，憑借arcview子模塊modelbuilder的支撐，建立龍川江流域水土流失動態監測模型；最后運行該模型獲取水土流失現狀圖和防治預報圖等結果圖件，完成了研究區1998 、 1999年水土流失定量遙感監測任務。

The main conclusions are as follows : the hco3 - ion content of zhujiang river changes notably in one hydrological year , especially in wet season and dry season . as for the content of inorganic carbon , that of the xijiang river is the highest , then the beijiang river , and then the dongjiang river . the xijiang river ' s inorganic carbon source was major from karst process in the drainage basin 得出如下的結論：珠江水體hco _ 3 ~ -離子含量在一個水文年中發生顯著變化，特別是豐水期與枯水期之間波動幅度較大；無機碳含量西江含量最高，其次是北江，東江最低；西江無機碳主要來源于巖溶作用，由于受河流沖刷效應影響，豐水期hco _ 3 ~ -離子含量升高；東江流域無機碳主要來源于硅酸鹽巖的碳酸鹽風化過程，豐水期hco _ 3 ~ -離子含量無顯著變化；北江無機碳來源于巖溶作用和硅酸鹽巖的碳酸鹽風化過程，受稀釋效應影響，無機碳含量隨水量增加而降低。

In view of the existing problem in the traditional method of the compartmentalization of urban rainwater catchments basin , by the technology of partition of drainage basin and professional gis terrain disposal software , the paper proposes a method of automatically compartmentalizing the urban rainwater catchments basin by six steps : construct the grid dem , define the stream direction of grid nod , extract the catchments network , compartmentalize the sub - catchments , build urban rainwater catchments basin with sub - catchments , encode the rainwater catchments basin 摘要針對傳統匯水區劃分方法中存在的問題，利用流域地形分割技術，通過專業的gis地形處理軟件，建立了城市雨水流域匯水區的自動劃分方法，其劃分過程主要由構建格網dem 、格網點流向定義、匯流網絡提取、子匯流區域劃分、子匯流區域生成城市流域匯水區和流域匯水區編碼6步組成。

This study uses quantitative remote sensing method on soil losses which based on 3s technique and supported by gis software to probe into the application of quantitative remote sensing method on soil losses . and according as the equations of soil losses ( a = fkrslcp ) & predicting soil conservation intensity ( y = cp - cp “ ) to realize the 3s technique integration on gis platform in study area of longchuan river drainage basin 本研究采用基于3s技術的水土流失定量遙感方法，以gis軟件為平臺，以龍川江流域為試驗區，依據水土流失方程( a = fkrslcp )和防治強度預報方程( y = cp - cp ' ) ，進行了在以3s技術為支撐的水土流失定量遙感方法的應用探索，實現了在gis平臺上3s的集成。

In order to evaluate the surface water budgets of avim and to evaluate the ability to simulate runoff , the implementation of avim to xilinhe drainage basin ( in mongolia ) and daily streamflow simulations from the year 1991 to 1994 are presented 本文在已建立的陸面模式avim中，引入產匯流模型，模擬了內蒙古錫林河流域1991 - 1994年的土壤溫濕狀況、地表通量和徑流量。

Most of the interpolation procedures for rainfall in drainage basin in common use at present don ' t calculate the ability of spatial variability in rainfall fields , and can ' t check out the results of interpolation so that some errors occur 摘要目前常用的流域雨量插值方法中，大多數都沒有考慮雨量的空間分布特征，無法檢驗插值結果，因此經常會出現一定的誤差。

This paper uses kriging method to estimate rainfall in drainage basin , gives the results of kriging interpolation method , and compares it with inverse distance square method and nearest neighbor method 為此，嘗試采用克里格方法對流域雨量進行估值，并分別將年平均、月平均、時段雨量的插值結果與距離反比法以及最臨近法的插值結果進行了對比性檢驗。

2 . describe the foundation of water rights theory and research the progress of water rights theory in our country , and put forward the formula for initialization allocation of water rights within the drainage basin 論文針對水權理論和制度的建立對水權初始配置、水權轉讓和水管理組織結構帶來的影響進行初步的探討，具體內容有如下幾個方面： 1

As a kind of karst geomorphology , stone forest is always distributed in a kast drainage basin , its development is inevitably related to evolution of the whole catchment 作為一種喀斯特地貌形態，石林總是分布于特定的流域中，它的形成和發育演化與其所在流域的整體演化必然存在著密切的聯系，石林的出現、消亡是和流域地貌的發育演化階段相關的。